Genetics na Launi a cikin kare - Genimal Biotechnologies

Eumelanin da phaeomelanin pigments

Asalin launi na karnuka an ƙaddara ta asali guda biyu kawai eumelanin kuma phaeomelanin. Eumelanin yana da alhakin baƙar fata, launin ruwan kasa, cakulan, launin toka da launin toka. Phaeomelanin yana da alhakin tan pigment, duk inuwar ja, cream da zinariya pigment. Rashin Eumelanin da Phaeomelanin yana haifar da launin farin gashi.

Samuwar da adadin da aka samar na waɗannan pigments guda biyu, don haka launin gashin kare, an ƙaddara su ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta masu yawa (kusan kwayoyin 14). Duk da haka, ainihin launi na gashin kare yana ƙayyade ta hanyar hulɗar kwayoyin halitta 3, waɗanda ake kira: E locus, K locus da A locus. An gabatar da hulɗar tsakanin waɗannan kwayoyin halitta 3 a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa.

Wasu kwayoyin halitta suna taka muhimmiyar rawa ta hanyar gyara ainihin launi na kare. Wadannan kwayoyin halitta na iya yin duhu da rigar kare ko kuma su haskaka rigar karnuka ko kuma suna iya haifar da nau'in launi a kan rigar kare.

E, k, A wurin

Wurin A don Agouti yana shafar duka eumelanin da phaeomelanin pigments. Ba a bayyana wurin A ba idan K locus yana da babban baƙar fata (K/K, K/k, K/k).^br). Shida alleles an gane:

da A^y ga Fawn ko sable. Y yana nufin rawaya.
da a^wwanda shine nau'in daji. Ana kuma kiransa sable wolf. Kowane gashi yana da bandeji 6 masu canza launin fata da baki.
da a^twanda shine baƙar fata da launin gashi
a wanda shi ne recessive baki saboda rashin samar da phaeomelanin
da a^{da yt} allele ana kiransa recombinant fawn kuma an lura dashi a cikin Mutanen Espanya na Tibet da Mastiff na Tibet.

Ana iya gwada allurai huɗu a Genimal Biotechnologies: the A^y, da a^w, da a^t, da kuma a tare da gwajin DNA. Tsarin tsari na agouti alleles shine A^y > a^w > a^t > a. Ana iya samun ƙarin cikakkun bayanai akan wurin E a cikin sashin da ke ƙasa musamman ga wannan wurin. K locus yana da allele 3:

K wanda shine rinjaye baki. A locus ba shi da wani tasiri a kan rinjaye baki. Duk da haka akwai tasirin B, D da M loci.
k^brwanda ke da alhakin launin gashi mai brindle. Launin brindle saboda kasancewar eumelanin ratsi zuwa duk wuraren tan. Ƙarfin brindle yana tasiri ta wurin A.
k^y shine nau'in daji kuma duk sauran loci ana iya bayyana su tare da wannan allele.

K da k^y iya zama gwada anan, alhali kuwa k^brallele iya zama gwada anan. Da k^br gwajin ya haɗa da gano K da k^y alleles.

E wurin

kuma kuma

Jajaye mai karko

Babu tasirin K da A locus

E/e, E/E ko Em Eg Eh alleles

K wurin

ku/k

A wuri

Dubi jadawalin A a ƙasa

K/K, K/k, K/kbr

Baƙar fata mai rinjaye

Babu tasirin A locus. Tasirin wurin M, B, D

kbr/kbr, kbr/k

Gashi

Tsawancin brindle ya dogara da wuri

Lokus A

Ay/aw, ay/a, ay/a

Fawn ko sabulu

aw/a, uwa/a

Wolf launin toka (agouti)

a/ba, ba/a

Black da tan ko tricolor

a/a

Recessive baki

E locus da mask a kan kare

E locus yana ƙayyade abin rufe fuska na kare kuma ko eumelanin zai iya samar da shi kuma ya kasance a cikin rigar kare. An gane alleles guda biyar:

E^m wanda shine abin rufe fuska na melanistic. Ba a rufe abin rufe fuska a cikin babban kare baƙar fata da kuma a cikin kare baƙar fata. Abin rufe fuska yana nan a cikin sable ko fawn, baƙar fata da tan, da launin gashi kerkeci (agouti). Dangane da nau'in, abin rufe fuska zai iya rufe kirji da kafafu.
E^G wanda ke haifar da grizzle ko launin gashi na domino. Ana samun wannan launin gashi a ciki Saluki, Hound na Afghanistan kuma Barzoi.
E wanda shine tsawo na al'ada kuma yana ba da damar cikakken bayanin A da K loci.
e^h wanda zakara sable kuma aka samu a ciki zakara spaniel kawai.
e wanda shi ne recessive ko bayyana fawn.

Matsayin matsayi na waɗannan loci shine mai bi E^m > E^G > E > e^h > e. Alamar E, E^m kuma e iya zama gwada anan.

E wurin

kuma kuma

Jajaye mai karko

Babu tasirin K da A locus

Kuma/da, da/da

Babu tasirin E

Tasirin K da A locus

In/Cikin, Ciki/Da, Ciki/da

Masks na melanistic

Za a iya ɓoye ta wasu launuka

Ita/shi, shi/ta, shi/ta

Sable (Cocker)

Cocker Spaniel kawai

I/I, I/E, I/e

Grizzle/Domino

Bukatar Tan akan locus A

Kwayoyin halittar da ke canza ainihin launi na gashin kare

Akwai wasu kwayoyin halitta guda 6 waɗanda ke canza ainihin launi na rigar kare.

B wurin

Wurin B yana rinjayar eumelanin kawai kuma yana da alhakin launin ruwan kasa ko launin gashin hanta. An ɗan rage pigment ɗin phaeomelanin daga ja zuwa orange. Ana gane alleles daban-daban kuma gabaɗaya 2 ko 3 alleles suna gabatar da kowane nau'in. Daya daga cikin alleles ne kawai a cikin Turanci Mai Saita (b^s), a cikin Doberman Pinscher (b^d) kuma a cikin Italiyanci Greyhound (b^c). Gwajin DNA yana wanzu don wurin B kuma yana iya zama oda anan.

Launin gashi na asali

Daga E, K, A

B/B, B/b

Ba Brown ba

b/b

Brown

D wurin

Locus D yana da alhakin dilution na eumelanin pigments da phaeomelanin. Launin baƙar fata yana diluted da shuɗi kuma launin ruwan launin ruwan kasa ya zama isabella. Akwai gwajin DNA don wannan wuri kuma yana iya zama oda anan. Genotype d/d wani lokaci yana da alhakin asarar gashi (BHFD) da kumburin fata (CDA) a cikin wasu nau'ikan.

Launin gashi na asali

Daga E, K, A

D/D, D/D

Kar a tsoma baki

d/d

Tsarma

S wurin

Locus S shine sakamakon tabo. An gane alleles guda huɗu:

S wanda kare ne mara tabo. Duk da haka wasu ƙananan fararen wuri na iya bayyana a cikin rigar sau da yawa a cikin wutsiya ko yatsun kafa.
sⁱ ake kira Irish spotting.
s^p ana kiranta Piebald. Yawan tabo ya bambanta sosai bisa ga nau'in kuma ga kowane kare.
s^w ana kiransa matsananci piebald spotting. Wannan rigar kusan fari ce.

Har ya zuwa yau, ba za a iya gwada duk abin da ke cikin wurin S ta hanyar gwajin DNA ba.

Launin gashi na asali

Daga E, K, A

S/S

Babu farin tabo

S/sp, sp/sp

Farin tabo

M da H wuri

M locus yana da alhakin launin gashin Merle (mai kama da launin azurfa). Yankin Merle yana da rinjaye na musamman:

M/m genotype yana da alhakin 50% na baki wanda aka canza zuwa azurfa.
M/M genotype ana kiransa merle biyu kuma ana maye gurbin baki da kusan 25% na baki, kusan 50% na azurfa da kusan 25% na fari.

Ana iya yin odar gwajin DNA na Merle anan. Sunan H Locus Harlequin kuma ya keɓance ga Manyan Danes. Babu gwajin DNA na wannan wuri. Wurin H yana bayyana ne kawai lokacin da kare yake M/m a cikin M wuri.

Launin gashi na asali

Daga E, K, A

M wuri

H wurin

M/m H/h

Merle Harlequin

M/m h/h

Merle, Non Harlequin

m/m H/h

Ba merle ba harlequin

m/m h/h

Ba merle ba harlequin

Sauran ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke shafar launin gashin kare

Akwai kuma wasu kwayoyin halitta guda 6 da suke wanzuwa a bisa ka'ida. Bayanan kiwo sun tabbatar da wanzuwar wannan kwayar halitta koda kuwa a yau ba a gano maye gurbi ba.

I locus (Intensity)

Locus I yana rinjayar tsananin launin gashin kare ta hanyar shafar samar da phaeomelanin. Akwai alloli guda biyu (I da i). Wannan jinsin yanzu an gano kuma za ku iya gwada kare ku ga I locus a nan.

C wurin (mai launi)

C locus mai yiwuwa ne ke da alhakin matakin da dabba ke bayyana phaeomelanin. An kayyade alleles guda biyar:

C wanda shine cikakken launi
c^ch don Chinchilla
c^e wanda shine matsananciyar dilution
c^b, c^p wadanda suka hada da zabiya masu launin ruwan ido da kuma Platinum
c^a wanda shine zabiya. Duk da haka ba a tabbatar da zabiya na gaskiya a cikin kare ba.

A yau babu gwajin C a cikin kare.

F locus (Flecking)

Locus Flecking yana da alhakin keɓe da ƙaramin yanki na fari a cikin launin gashi. Duk da haka ba a gano kwayoyin halittar da ke ciki ba.

G locus (na ci gaba da launin toka)

G locus yana da alhakin ci gaba da launin toka na launin gashi tare da shekaru. The launin toka allele ne rinjaye. Babu gwajin DNA.

T locus (Ticking)

Wurin T yana da alhakin ƙananan yanki mai launi. Babu gwajin DNA a halin yanzu.

U locus (Urajiro)

U locus ya rage samar da phaeomelanin akan kunci da kasa. A halin yanzu ba a gano kwayoyin halittar da ke ciki ba.

Sakamakon bincike na

Kuna son tuntuɓar mu?

Gashi launi a kare

Eumelanin da phaeomelanin pigments

E, k, A wurin

E locus da mask a kan kare

Kwayoyin halittar da ke canza ainihin launi na gashin kare

B wurin

D wurin

S wurin

M da H wuri

Sauran ka'idodin kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke shafar launin gashin kare

I locus (Intensity)

C wurin (mai launi)

F locus (Flecking)

G locus (na ci gaba da launin toka)

T locus (Ticking)

U locus (Urajiro)